《JCWS》2023年第1期出版
2023年4月30日
轉載自《JCWS》2023年第1期出版。
近日，国际学术季刊《Journalof Chinese Writing Systems》（简称“JCWS季刊”）出版，郑州大学汉字文明研究中心域外汉字研究团队在该刊发表系列文章，分别是:何华珍教授和博士生李宇等合作的《越南后黎朝碑铭异体字研究》，博士生陈德裕的《古代越南学者汉字观》，以及中心2021届博士毕业生黄莹的《草书符号与越南写本异体字研究》。
摘要
Phonetic interchange and interchangeable characters in a Tangut vocabulary
语音通转和西夏字书中的通假字
Yingxin Sun
孙颖新
Institute of World Religions, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
中国社会科学院世界宗教研究所
Abstract:
The famous phenomenon of ‘phonetic interchange’ in Chinese philology also occurred in Tangut scriptures. In various manuscripts and xylographs, the author or transcriber may have borrowed a phonetically related character to substitute for the original. The borrowings are not only absolute homonyms, but also show some slight distinctions in their initials or finals. In a recently discovered Tangut philological work, there is a vocabulary of over 2000 interchangeable characters enumerated in homonymic groups, which presents phonetic distinctions between Tangut oral speech and the orthodox rhyme dictionaries, and contributes to the identification of knotty characters encountered in deciphering the Tangut Buddhist texts.
Keywords:
Buddhist scripture, homonym interchange, phonetics, Tangut, Xixia
A supplementary study on the Chinese writings in Pidgin English Lyrics
《别琴竹枝词》对音汉字补释
Daxin Nie
聂大昕
School of Chinese Language and Literature, Beijing Normal University, China
北京师范大学文学院
Abstract:
Chinese Pidgin Language has existed in the southern coastal areas of China since the 16th century and is a lingua franca of European languages, Mandarin and Chinese dialects, influenced by the class of users and the particular using occasion. Chinese people mainly rely on Chinese transcriptions to express and record this idiosyncratic dialect without regard for original foreign letters and spelling rules. This method, however, reserves the dialectal phonetic feature and writing system of sight words in an early period. Limited by the material recorded, relevant concerns about Chinese Pidgin Language have been at a standstill. Referring to the regional variations, studies on Yang King Pang English needs to be worthy of attention. By referring to the corresponding agreements of Chinese Pidgin Language extracted from earlier studies as well as the historical evidence, the present article makes a thorough correction of and supplement to all questioned Chinese transcriptions embedded in these Pidgin English Lyrics not well-known by the academic. The achievement, integrated with the existing transcriptions of these lyrics, would provide one complete glossary of Yang King Pang English in that period.
Keywords:
Chinese transcription, language contact, Pidgin English Lyrics, Shanghai dialect, Yang King Pang English
Ancient Vietnamese scholars’ views on Chinese characters
古代越南学者汉字观
Duc Du Huynh
陈德裕
School of Chinese Language, Zhengzhou University, China; Research Center for the Inheritance, Dissemination and
Education of the Chinese Character Civilization, China
郑州大学文学院，
汉字文明传承传播与教育研究中心
Abstract:
Based on the preface and postscript in Vietnamese Chinese dictionaries and related documents, this article comprehensively compares the similarities and differences between the ancient Chinese and Vietnamese views of Chinese characters from the perspectives of the origin of Chinese characters, the introduction of Chinese characters, the relationship between Chinese characters and Nom characters, the survival and development of Chinese characters, the variation of Chinese character forms, and the morphological and phonological values of Chinese characters. It summarizes the inheritance and variation of Chinese characters in Vietnam, and attempts to provide a new perspective for studies related to the history of the development of Vietnamese Chinese characters and the history of the spread of Chinese characters.
Keywords:
Chinese character view, comparison, differences, similarities, Vietnam
越南异体字研究专题
A study on the variant characters in the stele inscriptions in the Later Lê Dynasty in Vietnam
越南后黎朝碑铭异体字研究
Huazhen He
何华珍
School of Chinese Language, Zhengzhou University, China; Research Center for the Inheritance, Dissemination and Education of the Chinese Character Civilization, China; Research Center of Chinese Character Resources in East Asia, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, China
郑州大学文学院，汉字文明传承传播与教育研究中心，浙江财经大学东亚汉字资源研究中心
Yu Li
李宇
School of Chinese Language, Zhengzhou University, China; Research Center for the Inheritance, Dissemination and
Education of the Chinese Character Civilization, China
郑州大学文学院，
汉字文明传承传播与教育研究中心
Linwei Lu
逯林威
Research Center of Chinese Character Resources in East Asia, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, China
浙江财经大学东亚汉字资源研究中心
Abstract:
The study of the variant characters in the stele inscriptions in the Later Lê Dynasty (1428 CE–1789 CE) is not only a study of the dynastic history of the inheritance and variation of Sino-annamite characters, but also an essential part of the study of their spreading and history. Chinese characters in the stele inscriptions were very rich in figure. They contained many variant characters inherited from Chinese literature and those modified with Vietnamese regional characteristics. This article systematically sorts out these variant characters from a diachronic perspective to investigate their structure categories and time distribution. It also reveals the historical track of the inheritance and variation of Chinese characters at that time. Summarizing the characteristics of these variant characters is conducive to comprehensively sorting out the historical context of inheritance and variation of Chinese characters in Vietnam, showing the far-reaching influence of ancient Chinese culture on Vietnam, and systematically build all the information of the stele inscriptions in Vietnam into a searchable database for easy query and research the stele inscriptions in Vietnam.
Keywords:
Inheritance and variation, Later Lê Dynasty, stele
Chinese character variants in Vietnam’s Buddhist texts: A case study of the book Chư phẩm kinh (諸品經)
越南佛经中的汉字异体字研究:以《諸品經》为例
Khắc-Mạnh Trịnh, Văn-Thanh Nguyễn
郑克孟、阮文清
Institute of Sino-Nom Studies, Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences, Vietnam
越南社会科学翰林院下属汉喃研究院
Tú-Mai Thị Nguyễn
阮氏秀梅
Faculty of Philology, Hanoi National University of Education, Vietnam
越南河内师范大学语文学系
Abstract:
This article is focused on the statistical data and analyses of 187 Chinese character variants found in the book Chư phẩm kinh (諸品經, Various Essential Segments of the Scripture), which was collected and compiled by Zen Master Pháp Loa (1284–1330) and revised then by Zen Master Huyền Quang (1254–1334) to be handed down for posterity. Of those Chinese character variants, we have analysed 96 that are found only in Vietnam, proving that the number of character variants created intra-nationally in Vietnam is greater than that of the international variants introduced from China.
Keywords:
Chinese character variants, international variants, intra-national variants, Vietnam’s Buddhist text
A study of Chinese influence on Vietnamese word formation
论汉语对越南语构词的影响
Đình-Hiền Nguyễn
阮廷贤
University of Languages and International Studies, Vietnam National University, Vietnam
越南河内国家大学下属外国语大学
Tuấn-Cường Nguyễn
阮俊强
Institute of Sino-Nom Studies, Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences, Vietnam
越南社会科学翰林院下属汉喃研究院
Abstract:
In its history of development, Vietnamese language was greatly influenced by Chinese language in phonetic and lexical aspects. Although lexical studies have revealed a number of findings, our understanding of the influence of Chinese language on Vietnamese language in terms of word formation is far from complete owing to the complexity of the issue as well as different conceptualizations and research methodologies. Based on the Chinese characters and the degree of Vietnamization, we divide the elements in Vietnamese language borrowed from Chinese language at the level of word formation into four types: semi-morphemes (which only have sound with unidentified meanings); semi-free morphemes 1 (which can only be combined with Sino-Vietnamese morphemes); semi-free morphemes 2 (which can be combined with Sino-Vietnamese and pure Vietnamese morphemes); and free morphemes. On that basis, the study conducted a survey on the specific number of each type of element, thereby giving a comprehensive evaluation of the influence of Chinese language on Vietnamese language at the level of word formation, as well as hints about Vietnamese-Chinese language exposure.
Keywords:
Chinese characters, morpheme, Sino-Vietnamese, Vietnamese, word formation
Research on cursive symbols and variants in Vietnamese manuscripts
草书符号与越南写本异体字研究
Ying Huang黄莹
The College of literature Luoyang Normal University, China
洛阳师范学院文学院
Abstract:
The complexity of variants is more prominent because of the greater randomness of manuscripts. Symbolization is one of the essential characteristics of the spread and variation of Chinese characters in Vietnam. There are many types of symbols in the configuration of Vietnamese variants, and most of them are derived from cursive handwriting in China. Based on the Vietnamese symbolic variants and from the angle of combining the handwriting in calligraphy with the symbol theory in philology, the present article analyzes eight kinds of common symbols in variants in Vietnamese manuscripts and probes into their sources, hoping to encourage a preliminary discussion regarding their symbolic features’?
Keywords:
Cursive script, symbolization, variants